Critical Social Inquiry 0224 - Empire, Race, and the Philippines: Indigenous People vs. the Spanish, U.S., and Japanese Imperial Projects

What is an empire? Is the United States an empire? These are just some of the questions we are dealing with throughout the semester. We are going to learn about the concept of "empire" (and all its attendant themes and topics) through the lens of Philippine history. This course therefore provides you with a chance to learn not only about the culture and history of a non-U.S./non-Western country, but also the way empires are created, sustained, and maintained. The study of Philippine history can give us an idea of how colonialism worked/works as it was colonized by Spain (1565-1898), then the U.S. (1898-1946), and by Japan (1942-1945). Furthermore, studying its history also fills a gap in our understanding of U.S. history. Keywords:Philippines, empire, colonialism, race, ethnicity

Students should expect to spend 6-8 hours weekly on work and preparation outside of class time Library Material: Howe, Stephen. Introduction and Chapter 1 "Who's an Imperialist." Oxford University Press, pp. 1-34. Chirino, Pedro. 1604. "Of Marriages, Dowries, and Divorces Among the Filipinos." Reprinted in Jocano, F. Landa, ed. 1975. The Philippines at the Spanish Contact. Quezon City: R.P. Garcia Publishing Company, pp. 125-146. "Instructions given by the Royal Audiencia to General Miguel Lopez de Legazpi for his voyage to the Islands of the West. And the oath of allegiance he took upon receiving it." In Licuanan, Virginia Benitez and Jose Llavador Mira, eds. 1990. The Philippines Under Spain: A Compilation and Translation of Original Documents. Book II (1564-1573). Manila: National Trust for Historical and Cultural Preservation of the Philippines, pp. 29-52. Reyes, Raquel A.G. 2012. "Sodomy in Seventeenth-Century Manila: The luck of a mandarin from Taiwan." In Blasius, Mark and Richard T. Chu, More Tomboy, More Bakla Than We Admit (Quezon City: Vibal Publishing, 2021), pp. 144-161. Bankoff, Greg. 1999. Devils, Familiars and Spaniards: Spheres of Power and the Supernatural in the World of Seberina Candelaria and Her Village in Early 19th Century Philippines. Journal of Social History, 33:1 (Fall), pp. 37-55. del Pilar, Marcelo H. 1889. "Monastic Supremacy in the Philippines." In Agoncillo, Teodoro. Filipino Nationalism. 1974. Quezon City: R.P. Garcia Publishing Co., pp. 184-201. Lopez Jaena, Graciano. 1889. "La Solidaridad: Our Purposes." In Encarnacion Alzona, trans. 1974. Graciano Lopez Jaena: speeches, articles, and letters. Manila: National Historical Commission, pp. 220-22. Francia, Luis, "Jose Rizal: A Man for All Generations," The Antioch Review, 72.1 (2014): 44-60. Noli Me Tangere, Chapter 40, "Dona Consolacion," by Jose Rizal. Translated by Soledad Lacson Locsin (Ateneo de Manila University Press, 1996), 259-268. El Filibusterismo, Chapter 39, "The Final Chapter," by Jose Rizal. Translated by Soledad Lacson Locsin (Ateneo de Manila University Press, 1997). Jose Rizal, The Movie directed by Marilou Diaz-Abaya Miller, Stuart Creighton. 1982. Chapter 1 "American Imperialism: Aberration or Historical Continuity?" pp. 1-12; and Chapter 2 "Enter the Philippines," pp. 13-30; 277-282 in Benevolent Assimilation: The American Conquest of the Philippines, 1899-1903. New Haven: Yale University Press. To Conquer or Redeem: Manifest Destiny San Buenaventura, Steffi. 1998. "The Colors of Manifest Destiny: Filipinos and the American Other(s). In Amerasia Journal 24:3:1-26. Hoganson, Kristin L. 1998. Fighting for American Manhood: How Gender Politics provoked the Spanish-American and Philippine-American War. New Haven: Yale University Press. Ch. 6, pp. 133-155. Ileto, Reynaldo. 1995. "Cholera and the Origins of the American Sanitary Order in the Philippines" · in Discrepant Histories, edited by Vicente Rafael, pp. 51-81. Rydell, Robert. 1985. "The Louisiana Purchase Exposition, St. Louis, 1904: 'The Coronation of Civilization'" in All the World's a Fair Visions of Empire at American International Expositions, 1876-1916 (University of Chicago Press),154-183, 270-279. Young, Kenneth Ray. 1979. "Guerrilla Warfare: Balangiga Revisited," and "Atrocities and War Crimes: The Cases of Major Waller and General Smith." In Vilches, Ma. Luz. Readings in Leyte-Samar History. Tacloban City: Divine Word University of Tacloban, pp. 249-274. Paul Kramer's "Race-Making and Colonial Violence in the U.S. Empire: The Philippine-American War as Race War" in Diplomatic History 30 (2): 169-210. April 2006. Joseph Fry, "Imperialism, American Style, 1890-1916," in G. Martel, American Foreign Relations Reconsidered (London, 1994), 52-70. Baldoz, Rick, "It is the Fight of This Nation Against the Filipinos," The Third Asiatic Invasion: Migration and Empire in Filipino America, 1898-1946 (NYU Press, 2011). Paredes, Ruby. 1989. "The Origins of National Politics: Taft and the Partido Federal." In Philippine Colonial Democracy. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press, pp. 41-69. Constantino, Renato. "The Miseducation of the Filipino." In Velasco Shaw, Angel and Francia, Luis, eds. Vestiges of War. The Philippine-American War and the Aftermath of an Imperial Dream 1899-1999. New York: New York University Press, pp. 177-192. Hayase, Shinzo, "Japan and the Philippines," Philippine Studies 47.1 (1997): 30-47. "Civilization and Enlightenment," Sources of Japanese Tradition, Chapter 38, pp. 694-711. Akira Iriye's essay: "Japanese Expansionism in California," Major Problems in Asian American History, Kurashige and Yang, 87-95. Emperor Tojo and Greater East Co-Prosperity sphere, in Japan's Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere in World War II: Selected Readings and Documents (Oxford University Press, 1975), pp. 78-81. Goodman, Grant, "The Japanese Occupation of the Philippines: Commonwealth Sustained," Philippine Studies 36 (1988): 98-104. Walden Bello, "Neoliberalism as Hegemonic Ideology in the Philippines: Rise, Apogee, and Crisis," Philippine Sociological Review 57 (2009): 9-19. Choy, Catherine Ceniza. 2000. "Exported to Care: A Transnational History of Filipino Nurse Migration to the United States," in Foner, Nancy, et. al, eds. Immigration Research for a New Century: Multidisciplinary Perspectives. New York: Russel Sage Foundation. Anak (Child). Directed by Rory Quintos (2000). Paredes, Oona. "Between Rights Protection and Development Aggression," Routledge Handbook of the Contemporary Philippines, edited by Mark R. Thompson and Eric Vincent C. Batalla, 341-351. New York and London: Routledge, 2018. Mabry, Tristan James, "Religious Community Versus Ethnic Diversity: The Moros of the Philippines" in Nationalism, Language, and Muslim Exceptionalism (UPenn Press, 2015), 177-196. Chu, Richard T. "From 'Sangley' to "Chinaman,' "Chinese Mestizos' to 'Tsinoy': Unpacking 'Chinese' identities in the Philippines at the Turn of the Twentieth-Century" in Asian Ethnicity (2021. Josef, JJ. "Pinoy Tomboys and Lesbians, Their Gender and Sexual Identities and Activism in the Last 25 Years" in More Tomboy More Bakla Than We Admit (Vibal Foundation, 2021), 242-292. Baytan, Ronald, "Crazy Planets: Notes on Filipino Bisexuals," in More Tomboy More Bakla Than We Admit (Vibal Foundation, 2021), 204-241. Alcedo, Patrick. "Sacred Camp: Transgendering Faith in a Philippine Festival" in More Tomboy More Bakla Than We Admit (Vibal Foundation, 2021), 294-329. Johnson, Chalmers. 2004. The Sorrows of Empire: Militarism, Secrecy, and the End of the Republic. New York: Metropolitan Books. Chapter 7, pp. 187-215.