Acct. #/Ms. #:
Dates: 1904–1960
Size: 1.5 linear feet
Contents:
Biographical material
Clippings
Writings
Memorials and memorabilia re: Jane Addams
Published material (including 3 books)
Speeches (typescripts)
Photographs
Drawing
Correspondence
Main Entry: Addams, Jane
Subject—Personal Names:
Addams, Jane
Starr, Ellen Gates
Subject—Corporate Names: Hull House (Chicago, Illinois)
Subject—Topical Heading:
Europe—Description and Travel
Hull House
Labor Movement
Peace
Social Reformers
Social Settlements
Suffrage
Subject—Geographical Name: Chicago, Illinois
Occupations:
Founder, Hull House, Chicago
Labor organizer
Pacifist
Settlement house worker
Women's rights reformer
Writer
Note: Writer, pacifist, labor organizer, settlement house worker, women's rights activist. Born September 6, 1860; B.A. Rockford College, Illinois, 1882. Traveled frequently in Europe, 1883–1930. Cofounder of Hull House (Chicago), 1889, with close friend Ellen Gates Starr. Organized Women's International League for Peace and Freedom, 1915, and was also active in Women's Trade Union League, ca. 1904, and NAACP, ca. 1909. Author of books and articles; lectured about peace, social reform, and Hull House; first American woman to win Nobel Peace Prize, 1931. Died May 21, 1935. Collection includes biographical material, clippings, published and printed writings, memorials and memorabilia about Jane Addams plus published material by her; speeches, correspondence, photographs, and drawings. Primarily secondary material relating to Addams's various interests and activities.
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Sophia Smith table of contents
Repository: Sophia Smith Collection
Acct. #/Ms. #:
Dates: 1844–1990s
Size: 61.5 linear feet
Contents:
Genealogy
Biographical diaries
Correspondence
Subject files (re: BAA)
Financial and business writings
Research material (in scrapbooks)
Photographs
Memorabilia
Books
Microfilm
Artwork
Main Entry:
Subject—Personal Names:
Ames Family
Ames, Adelbert (1835–1933)
Ames, Blanche Ames (1878–1969)
Ames, Blanche Butler (1845–1939)
Ames, Oakes (1874–1950)
Butler Family
Butler, Benjamin Franklin (1818–1893)
Butler, Sarah Hildreth (?–1876)
Plimpton Family
Plimpton, Francis Taylor Pearsons (1900–1983)
Plimpton, Pauline Ames (1901– )
Subject—Corporate Names:
New England Hospital for Women and Children
Smith College
Subject—Topical Heading:
Birth Control—Massachusetts—History
Reconstruction
Reconstruction—Mississippi
Smith College—Students—History
United States—History—Civil War, 1861–1865
Women Artists—United States
Women Inventors—United States
Women—Suffrage—Caricatures and Cartoons
Women—Suffrage—Massachusetts
Subject—Geographical Name: North Easton, Massachusetts
Occupations:
Adelbert: Civil War General
Governor
Politician
Senator
Blanche: Artist
Birth Control Leader
Founder, Birth Control League of Massachusetts
Inventor
Political Cartoonist
Suffragist
Oakes: Botanist
Note: Papers mostly concern Blanche Ames Ames, daughter of Blanche Butler and Adelbert Ames, who together are the other main focus of the collection. Blanche Ames Ames was a suffragist, artist, inventor, and birth control advocate (founder of the Birth Control League of Massachusetts). She was also president of New England Hospital, and married to Harvard botanist Oakes Ames. Adelbert Ames was a Civil War general and Reconstruction governor and senator from Mississippi. A diary kept by Blanche Butler Ames recounts her 1870 experiences in Mississippi. The military and political events of this era are reflected in extensive correspondence on such subjects as the Mississippi constitution, Ku Klux Klan investigations, and the political and military careers of Adelbert's and Blanche's father, Benjamin Butler. Papers of Blanche Butler Ames's children and grandchildren are also included.
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Sophia Smith table of contents
Repository: Sophia Smith Collection
Collection Name: Birkby, (Noel) Phyllis
Acct. #/Ms. #:
Dates: 1932–1994
Size: 55 linear feet
Contents:
Professional (architectural and teaching) materials
Correspondence
Writings
Printed material
Photographs, negatives
Slides
Films
Videotapes
Audiocassette tapes and reel-to-reel
Architectural drawings
Artwork, sketchbooks
Memorabilia/artifacts
Main Entry: Birkby, (Noel) Phyllis
Subject—Personal Names:
Abbott, Sidney
Birkby, (Noel) Phyllis
Chesler, Phyllis
Fishman, Louise (1939– )
Harris, Bertha (1937– )
Johnston, Jill
Love, Barbara
Miller, Isabel (1924– )
Millett, Kate
Weisman, Leslie Kanes
Subject—Corporate Names:
Alliance of Women in Architecture (New York)
Women's School of Planning and Architecture
Subject—Topical Heading:
Architecture—Modern—United States
Architecture—Study and Teaching—Women
Architecture and Women
Feminism—United States—20th Century
Feminists—United States
Lesbian Artists—United States
Lesbian Feminism
Lesbianism—United States—Social Life and Customs—History
New York, N.Y.—Intellectual Life—20th Century
Vietnam—Description and Travel
Women Architects—United States
Women Artists—New York, N.Y.
Women—New York, N.Y.—20th Century
Subject—Geographical Name: New York, New York
Occupations:
Architect
Feminist
Filmmaker
Founder, Women's School of Planning and Architecture
Lesbian activist
Teacher
Note: Born New Jersey; Certified Architect, Cooper Union, 1963; MA Architecture, Yale University, 1966. Taught at New York Institute of Architecture; had her own architectural practice. Also worked for Davis Brody & Associates, New York City, and Gruzen and Partners, New York City. Cofounded the Women's School of Planning and Architecture, 1974. Also gave workshops and lectures on designing women's space. Cofounder of the Alliance of Women in Architecture. As a member of an influential consciousness-raising group of New York lesbian feminist artists and theoreticians, she shot film and photos of public and private feminist gatherings and figures in New York City from the 1960s to the 1990s. Friends include Sidney Abbott, Kate Millet, Jill Johnston, Barbara Love, Bertha Harris, and Isabel Miller. Died in 1994 at 61 of breast cancer. The collection focuses on her personal and professional life from the 1970s to the 1980s, including her documentation of women's activities through film, photos, oral histories, memorabilia, printed material, and writings. Professional papers in the collection include teaching materials, architectural drawings of fantasized and realized women-oriented space, as well as work she did for prestigious Manhattan architectural firms. Personal papers include correspondence covering her life from the 1950s to the 1990s as an "out" lesbian feminist.
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Sophia Smith table of contents
Repository: Sophia Smith Collection
Collection Name: Bloor, Ella Reeve
Acct. #/Ms. #:
Dates: 1890–1979
Size: 5.5 linear feet
Contents:
Biographical (clippings, tributes, itineraries, biographical writings,
FBI file)
Speeches and writings
Photographs
Correspondence
Subject and organizations (printed material)
Main Entry: Bloor, Ella Reeve
Subject—Personal Names:
Bloor, Ella Reeve
Flynn, Elizabeth Gurley (1890–1964)
Subject—Corporate Names:
Communist Party of the United States of America
Socialist Party
Subject—Topical Heading:
Radicalism
Socialism/Communism
Soviet Union—Description and Travel—1917–1944
Suffrage—Women—United States
Trade Unions—Organizing
Women—Suffrage—United States
Subject—Geographical Name:
Occupations:
Communist
Labor organizer
Political activist
Socialist
Suffragist
Writer
Note: "Mother Bloor" was born on Staten Island, New York. She married Lucien Ware in 1881, with whom she had six children. She published Three Little Lovers of Nature in 1895. She divorced Ware in 1896. Mother Bloor then married Louis Cohen, with whom she had two sons. Published Talk About Authors and Their Works for young adults in 1899. Active in suffrage reform movement 1880s–1890s. Joined Socialist Party in 1901. Divorced Cohen about 1902. She investigated the meat-packing industry for Upton Sinclair in 1906. She took her colleague Richard Bloor's name, but did not marry him. She organized worker strikes in mining, the textile industry, and farming 1910s–1930s. She advocated for political prisoners and conscientious objectors. Ran for Lt. Governor of New York on the Socialist Party ticket in 1918. Participated in formation of Communist Party of U.S.A., 1919. Union delegate to the Second Internationale, 1921. Wrote and toured country for Daily Worker. Married Andrew Omholt, 1930. To Russia for 20th anniversary of October Revolution, 1937. Retired to April Farm, PA, 1937. Autobiography, We Are Many, 1940. Many notable colleagues and comrades.
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Sophia Smith table of contents
Repository: Sophia Smith Collection
Collection Name: Brewer, Vivion Lenon
Acct. #/Ms. #:
Dates: 1948–1991
Size: 4.3 linear feet
Contents:
Biographical material
Photos (1 folder)
Writings
Correspondence
Organization files
Subject files (including numerous clippings)
Main Entry: Brewer, Vivion Lenon
Subject—Personal Names: Brewer, Vivion Lenon
Subject—Corporate Names:
Central High School
Women's Emergency Committee to Open Our Schools
Subject—Topical Heading:
Civil Rights—United States
Little Rock, Arkansas—Race Relations
School Integration—Arkansas
Subject—Geographical Name: Little Rock, Arkansas
Occupations:
Cofounder, Women's Emergency Committee
Lawyer
Volunteer
Note: Vice president and director, People's Trust, Little Rock; graduate of Arkansas Law School. Cofounder of Women's Emergency Committee to Open Our Schools in Little Rock after Governor Faubus closed the schools in response to integration. Active volunteer in Scott, Arkansas. Lawyer.
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Sophia Smith table of contents
Repository: Sophia Smith Collection
Collection Name: Catt, Carrie Chapman
Acct. #/Ms. #:
Dates: 1902–1920
Size: 1.75 linear feet
Contents:
Biographical clippings
Writings (by Catt) and speeches
Printed material
Photos
Cartoons
Correspondence
Main Entry:
Subject—Personal Names: Catt, Carrie Chapman
Subject—Corporate Names:
National American Women Suffrage Association
National Committee on the Cause and Cure of War
Subject—Topical Heading:
Peace
War
Women—Suffrage—United States
World War, 1914–1918
Subject—Geographical Name:
Occupations:
Pacifist
President NAWSA
Suffragist
Note: Born Ripon, Wisconsin. B.S., Iowa State College, 1880. Superintendent of Schools, Mason City, Iowa. Married Leo Chapman, 1884 (he died 1886); married George Catt, 1890; partner, Mary Gray Peck. Began work with National American Women Suffrage Association, 1890. President NAWSA, 1900–1904; 1915–1920. President, International Woman Suffrage Association, 1904–1923. World tour for suffrage, 1911–1912. Helped found National League of Women Voters, 1919. Published Women Suffrage and Politics, 1923, with Nettie R. Sholer, peace activist, 1923–1947. Organized and served as chair, National Committee on the Cause and Cure of War, 1925–1932. Papers also include Catt's course on Citizenship for Women (1920–1921).
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Repository: Sophia Smith Collection
Collection Name: Doty, Madeleine Zabriskie
Acct. #/Ms. #:
Dates: 1880–1981
Size: 1.5 linear feet
Contents:
Main Entry:
Subject—Personal Names:
Addams, Jane (1860–1935)
Baldwin, Roger (1884–1981)
Gorky, Maksim (1868–1936)
Phillips, David Graham (1867–1911)
Roosevelt, Eleanor (1884–1962)
Subject—Corporate Names:
Smith College
Women's International League for Peace and Freedom
Subject—Topical Heading:
Child Welfare—History
Journalists
Lawyers
Peace Movements—History
Prison Reformers—United States—History
Prisons—United States—History
Reformatories for Women—United States—History
Russia—History—February Revolution, 1917
Smith College—Junior Year for International Studies—Geneva
Socialism—United States—History
Women—Suffrage—United States
World War, 1914–1918—Germany
World War, 1914–1918—Peace Movements
World War, 1914–1918—Women
Subject—Geographical Name:
Occupations:
Journalist
Lawyer
Pacifist
Prison reformer
Suffragist
Teacher
Writer
Note: Born Bayonne, N.J.; A.B. Smith College, 1900; L.L.B., New York University, 1902. Practiced law until 1907, then was Secretary of the Russell Sage Foundation Children's Court Committee. Published Society's Misfits (1916) on juvenile and women's prison reform; accompanied Jane Addams and 43 other women to Women's Peace Conference, The Hague, 1915; was traveling correspondent for New York Tribune and Good Housekeeping and was in Russia during the Bolshevik Revolution. Published Short Rations: An American Woman in Germany (1917) and Behind the Battle Line (1918). Married Roger Baldwin, 1918 (divorced 1925). Became international secretary for Women's International League for Peace and Freedom, Geneva, 1925; organized first Geneva Junior Year Abroad program for University of Delaware, 1938–1939, and for Smith College, 1946–1949. Received Ph.D. in international relations, University of Geneva, 1934; taught history at Miss Harris's School, Florida, then at University of Geneva until 1962. Moved to Greenfield, Massachusetts. Died October 14, 1963. Correspondence, photographs, printed material, memorabilia, diaries, unpublished manuscripts. Over 300 letters, 1906–1963, mostly from friends and associates, form the bulk of the collection. They include Jane Addams, Norman Douglas, Theodore Dreiser, Harry Emerson Fosdick, Dorothy Canfield Fisher, John Galsworthy, Judge Ben Lindsey, Salvador de Madariaga, Thomas Mott Osborne, Frances Perkins, Emmeline and Frederick Pethick-Lawrence, H.G. Wells, and Rebecca West. Subjects include peace socialism, prison reform, women's suffrage, child welfare, conditions in Europe before and after the wars, and the international education movement. Also included in the correspondence are letters of a more personal nature from David Graham Phillips and Roger Baldwin. There is a small amount of family correspondence as well as correspondence with publishers and business associates. Within series III there is set of photographs that were originally intended to accompany her unpublished autobiography Tap on the Shoulder (1963), which include photographs of many of her correspondents plus Mahatma Gandhi, George Bernard Shaw, Maksim Gorky, and Aleksandr Kerensky. The incomplete manuscript of the autobiography is included in Series IV, along with her Ph.D. thesis, short diary entries, and articles.
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Repository: Sophia Smith Collection
Collection Name: Dreier, Ethel Eyre Valentine
Acct. #/Ms. #:
Dates: 1902–1957
Size: 3.25 linear feet
Contents:
Correspondence
Photos (2 folders)
Biographical writings
Speeches
Subject/organization files (especially Women's City Club)
Diaries
Scrapbooks
Memorabilia
Main Entry: Dreier, Ethel Eyre Valentine
Subject—Personal Names: La Guardia, Fiorello H. (1882–1947)
Subject—Corporate Names:
All Sorts and Conditions of Girls
Packer Collegiate Institute, Brooklyn
Women's City Club of New York
Subject—Topical Heading:
Civic Improvement—New York, N.Y.
Electioneering—New York (state)
Housing — New York, N.Y.
Municipal Government—New York (state)
New York—Politics and Government—1885–1951
Social Settlements—New York
Women—Suffrage—New York (state)
Women—Suffrage—United States
Subject—Geographical Name: New York, New York
Occupations:
Civic leader
Civic reformer
Club leader
President, All Sorts and Conditions of Girls, Brooklyn
Suffragist
Note: Graduate of Packer Collegiate Institute, Brooklyn, New York. President, All Sorts and Conditions of Girls (ASACOG), one of Brooklyn's first social settlements. Headed Women's Suffrage Party of Brooklyn, 1913–1917. Chair, League of Women Voters; president, New York City Women's Club, 1924–1936. Joint chair of Fusion Committee, which won the mayoralty for La Guardia. A founder of the first limited dividend housing project organized under New York State housing law. Chair, board member, trustee, of several institutions, libraries, clubs.
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Repository: Sophia Smith Collection
Collection Name: Dushkin, Dorothy
Acct. #/Ms. #:
Dates: 1906–1988
Size: 9 linear feet
Contents:
Main Entry:
Subject—Personal Names:
Boulanger, Nadia
Dushkin, David (1898–1986)
O'Connor, Jessie Lloyd (1904– )
Thomas, Caroline Bedell (1904– )
Subject—Corporate Names:
Kinhaven School of Music
School of Musical Arts and Crafts
Subject—Topical Heading:
Music—Instruction and Study
Women Composers—20th Century
Subject—Geographical Name:
Weston, Vermont
Winnetka, Illinois
Occupations:
Cofounder, music schools
Composer
Note: Composer and cofounder of music schools in Winnetka, Illinois, and Weston, Vermont. Born 1903. Graduated from Smith College in 1925. Studied composition with Nadia Boulanger in Paris. Married David Dushkin in 1930 and with him founded the School of Musical Arts and Crafts in Winnetka. In 1952 they began the Kinhaven School of Music in Weston. While teaching at both schools she composed many works for a wide variety of ensembles, which have been performed all over the United States. The collection includes correspondence, diaries and other writings, scrapbooks, photographs, memorabilia, scores, tape and disc recordings. The bulk of these papers document Dorothy Dushkin's life, but a substantial portion was generated by David Dushkin, especially in Series V, where their papers are intertwined, as were their professional lives. Series I through IV mostly contain personal papers. The bulk of the personal correspondence consists of letters received by David and Dorothy Dushkin from friends and professional associates, notably Jessie Lloyd O'Connor, Caroline Bedell Thomas, and Nadia Boulanger. The bulk of the professional papers is scores constituting Dushkin's major output as a composer.
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Repository: Sophia Smith Collection
Collection Name: Garrison Family
Acct. #/Ms. #:
Dates: 1773–1974
Size: 85 linear feet
Contents:
Correspondence
Diaries
Biographical
Published articles
Addresses
Genealogical
Printed ephemera
Photographs
Daguerreotypes
Memorabilia
Artifacts
Books
Periodicals, newspapers, clippings
Framed portraits
Photo albums
Scrapbooks
Account books
Cookbooks
Main Entry:
Subject—Personal Names:
Anthony, Susan Brownell (1820–1906)
Blackwell, Alice Stone (1857–1950)
Garrison Family
Garrison, Eleanor (1880–1974)
Garrison, Ellen Wright (1840–1931)
Garrison, William Lloyd (1805–1879)
Garrison, William Lloyd (1838–1909)
Mott Family
Mott, Lucretia Coffin (1793–1880)
Phillips, Wendell (1811–1884)
Sojourner Truth
Stanton, Elizabeth Cady (1815–1903)
Stone, Lucy (1818–1893)
Washington, Booker T. (1896–1908)
Wright Family
Wright, David (1805–1897)
Wright, Martha Coffin Pelham (1806–1875)
Subject—Corporate Names: Smith College
Subject—Topical Heading:
Abolitionists
Abolitionists—Massachusetts
Abolitionists—New York
Anti-Slavery Movements—United States—19th Century
Family—United States—History
Free Trade
Liberator
Race Relations
Single Tax
Slavery—United States
Social Reformers—United States—History
Travel
United States—History—19th Century
United States—Social Life and Customs—19th Century
United States—Social Life and Customs—20th Century
Women Abolitionists
Women's Rights—United States—19th Century
Women Suffrage—Great Britain
Women Suffrage—Massachusetts
Women Suffrage—New Jersey
Women Suffrage—New York
Women—Suffrage—United States
Women—United States—Family Relationships
Subject—Geographical Name:
England
Massachusetts
New York
Pennsylvania
Occupations:
Abolitionist
Executive
Minister (Quaker)
Social reformer
Suffragist
Note: The Garrison Family Papers span from 1773 to 1970, but the bulk of the material is from 1840 to 1950. Contained in the collection are thousands of primary sources that document the family's involvement in politics, business, art, literature, religion, education, and most of the major reform movements of the 19th and early 20th centuries. Extensive correspondence, diaries, clippings, articles, speeches, photographs, memorabilia, and a wide variety of printed sources trace the activities of the Garrison, Coffin, Mott, and Wright families and their friends and associates in England, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and New York, among other places. Most of the material relates to William Lloyd Garrison II and his wife, Ellen Wright Garrison, and their children. There are 133 letters and fragments of letters of William Lloyd Garrison I (1832–1878), and 8 pieces of correspondence from his forebears (1773–1814).William Lloyd Garrison II, along with brothers, sisters, associates, and friends, became involved in the last stages of movement for abolition. Later they worked in support of various causes, including freedmen's welfare, women's rights, free trade, socialism, the single tax, anti-imperialism, immigration reform (especially for the Chinese), anti-vaccination, and anti-vivisection. The papers are an especially important source on women's rights because they include Martha Coffin Wright's correspondence with other leaders of the movement. Major correspondents on abolition, women's rights, and other reforms include Susan B. Anthony (letters dated 1856–1905), Alice Stone Blackwell (1896–1944), Henry B. Blackwell (1869–1909), Carrie Chapman Catt (1906–1947), Lucy Conant (1883–1906), Kate Daniel (1876–1931), Matilda Joslin Gage (1870–1872), Henry George (1888–1897), Lucretia Coffin Mott (1835–1878), Martha Coffin Wright (1825–1874), Emmeline and Sylvia Pankhurst (1912–1914), Theodore Parker(1860), Wendell Phillips (1860–1882), Parker Pillsbury (1860–1897), Louis Prang (1894–1909), Caroline Severance (1883–1911), Anna Howard Shaw (1911–1913), Elizabeth Cady Stanton (1849–1900), Lucy Stone (1856–1888), Booker T. Washington (1896–1908), Theodore Dwight Weld (1859–1880), Frances E. Willard (1887–1896), and Marie Zakrezewska (1887–1898). The collection is also a fine source for social history, as it documents four generations over two centuries.
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Repository: Sophia Smith Collection
Acct. #/Ms. #:
Dates: 1780–1988
Size: 66 linear feet
Contents:
Correspondence
Diaries
Speeches, lectures, sermons
Scrapbooks
Printed material
Clippings
Photos—Albums
Memorabilia
Artwork (sketches, paintings, and other)
Books (approximately 45 volumes)
Artifacts
Writings (published and unpublished)
Notebooks
Main Entry:
Subject—Personal Names:
Everett Family
Hale Family
Subject—Corporate Names:
Boston Daily Advertiser
Boston and Worcester Railroad Corporation
Harvard University
Subject—Topical Heading:
Art—Study and Teaching—United States—History
Authors—19th century
Boston—Massachusetts—History
Children's Art
Children's Writings—American—Massachusetts
Clergy—Massachusetts—Boston
Diplomats—Egypt
Diplomats—Spain
Elite (Social Sciences)
Elite (Social Sciences)—Massachusetts—Boston—18th century
Family—United States—History
Harvard University—History—19th Century
Massachusetts—Politics and Government—1783–1865
Publishers and Publishing
Unitarians—Massachusetts—Boston
United States—History—Civil War, 1861–1865
Women Authors—19th Century
Women Painters—United States
Subject—Geographical Name:
Boston, Massachusetts
Charlottesville, Virginia
Egypt
Europe
Hartford, Connecticut
Washington, D.C.
Occupations:
Artist
Clergy member
College president
Diplomat
Editor
Educator
Executive
Governor of Massachusetts
Painter
Social reformer
Statesman
Writer
Note: Hale and Everett men were employed as ministers, teachers, and government agents, centering their lives mostly in Boston, but also in Washington, Europe, and Egypt. Women of the family were writers, teachers, and painters, and centered their lives in Boston, but sometimes in Washington, D.C., Hartford, Conn., Charlottesville, Va. The collection includes correspondence (1787–1967), diaries (1814–1961), speeches, lectures, scrapbooks, clippings, printed matter, photos, memorabilia. Notable contents include letters and papers relating to the many interests of: Nathan Hale (1784–1863), owner and editor of the Boston Daily Advertisor from 1814 to 1854, and his sons, who ran the paper from 1854 to 1863; the founder and president of the Boston and Worcester Railroad (1834–1861); Enoch Hale (1753–1837), father of Nathan Hale and Congregational minister at Westhampton, Massachusetts (1780–1837); Alexander Everett (1790–1847), diplomat and editor of the North American Review; Edward Everett (1794–1865), Unitarian minister, orator, Harvard professor and president, US congressman, Massachusetts governor; Sarah Preston Everett Hale (1796–1866), interpreter and coordinator of family members and activities; Lucretia Peabody Hale (1820–1900), author of The Peterkin Papers (1880); Edward Everett Hale (1822–1909), Unitarian minister, writer, and lecturer; Charles Hale (1831–1882), legislator, government official, and diplomat; Susan Hale (1833–1910), artist and art teacher; Ellen Day Hale (1854–1940), artist and art teacher; Philip Leslie Hale (1865–1931), artist and art teacher; Lilian Westcott Hale (1880–1963), artist; and Nancy Hale (1908–1988), writer and journalist. Various members of this large family are strongly represented in the collection by extensive correspondence and other materials, and are listed in the biographical note. Types of papers and inclusive dates are followed with names of friends and associates of the family who are most strongly represented: Elizabeth Cleghorn Stevenson Gaskell (1810–1865); George Frisbie Hoar (1826–1904), William Dean Howells (1836–1920); Charles Eliot Norton (1827–1908); Daniel Webster (1782–1852); Booker Taliaferro Washington (1859–1915).
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Repository: Sophia Smith Collection
Collection Name: Kenyon, Dorothy
Acct. #/Ms. #:
Dates: 1850–1980
Size: 30 linear feet
Contents:
Correspondence
Writings, published and unpublished
Speeches, handwritten and typescripts
Financial records
Legal files, briefs
Subject files
Card file
Biographical material
Photos
Memorabilia
Audiotapes, reel to reel and cassette
Printed material
Books
Record album
Main Entry:
Subject—Personal Names:
King, Gertrude Louisa Besse (1881–1923)
McCarthy, Joseph (1908–1957)
Pitkin, Walcott Homer (1881– )
Pulisfer, Lawson Valentine (1881– )
Root, Elihu (1881– )
Subject—Corporate Names:
American Civil Liberties Union
Citizens Union for New York City
League of Nations—Committee for the Study of the Legal Status of Women
Mobilization for Youth
NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund
Smith College
United Nations
Subject—Topical Heading:
Abortion—Law and Legislation—United States
American Civil Liberties Union—History
Anti-Communist Movements—United States—History
Civil Rights—United States—History—20th Century
Community Development—Urban—New York, N.Y.
Consumer Cooperatives
Cooperative Societies—United States
Courts—New York
Equal Rights Amendment—United States
Feminists—New York, N.Y.—Biography Judges—New York, N.Y.
Lawyers—New York, N.Y.
New York, N.Y.—History—Race
New York, N.Y.— Politics and Government—1898–1951
New York, N.Y.— Politics and Government—1951–
New York, N.Y.—Relations
New York, N.Y.—Social Conditions
Social Reformers—New York, N.Y.—History
Urban Policy—New York, N.Y.—History Women
Women—International Law
Women—Legal Status, Laws, Etc.—United States
Women—Suffrage—United States
Women Judges—United States—Biography
Women Lawyers—New York, N.Y.—Biography
Women's Rights—United States—History—20th Century
Subject—Geographical Name:
Occupations:
Civil rights activist
Feminist
Judge
Lawyer
Social reformer
Note: Dorothy Kenyon (1888–1972) received her A.B. from Smith College, then attended New York University Law School. After receiving her J.D. she was admitted to the New York Bar in 1917 and began her long career as a lawyer and activist, combining her legal expertise with a commitment to social justice. One of her first positions involved researching wartime labor and preparing studies for the 1919 peace conference. Kenyon worked on a number of New York City commissions that dealt with public relief, minimum-wage legislation, housing, and court procedures. In 1936 she was appointed the first deputy commissioner of licenses by Mayor La Guardia. She later served as justice on the Municipal Court. A champion of civil liberties and women's rights, Kenyon utilized her position in the courts and as an officer in women's organizations to advance the status of women and minorities. She campaigned for jury service for women, equality in marriage, and educational and economic opportunities. In 1938, she was appointed to a League of Nations committee of jurists to study the legal status of women throughout the world. From 1940 to 1950, as a member of the UN Commission on the Status of Women, Kenyon fought for greater participation of women in the UN and for an international treaty to establish equal rights for women in pay, work, and property. She was also president of the Consumers' League of New York and active in the cooperative movement. Kenyon served on the National Board of the American Civil Liberties Union from 1930 to her death, and was among the minority that opposed the expulsion of Elizabeth Gurley Flynn in 1940 because of Flynn's membership in the Communist Party. In 1950, Sen. Joseph McCarthy charged Kenyon with membership in several allegedly Communist organizations. The first person to appear before the Senate Foreign Relations Sub-Committee, she acknowledged that she had lent her name to liberal and antifascist organizations, but denied that she was disloyal or a Communist. She received no further public appointments. During the 1960s, Kenyon prepared legal briefs for the NAACP Legal Defense Fund and the ACLU, promoted racial integration in New York City schools, took part in the civil rights and anti-Vietnam War movements, and demonstrated with much younger women in the emerging women's liberation movement. Kenyon also continued her active involvement in New York City politics and community projects. In 1968, at age 80, she and another lawyer set up the Mobilization for Youth legal services for the poor on the Lower West Side. The Dorothy Kenyon Papers (c.1850–1980) offer insight into the life of a pioneering woman lawyer, judge, and political figure. Kenyon was among the first women to gain admittance to the New York City bar association. She was active on the local and international levels in the fight for human rights, women's rights, and civil rights. In addition to illuminating Kenyon's own work for her myriad causes, the papers document 20th century social reform movements in general. Race relations, urban reform policies, court reforms, public housing, community development programs, and political activities from the 1890s to the 1970s are some of the many topics addressed in the papers.
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Collection Name: Motley, Constance Baker
Acct. #/Ms. #:
Dates: 1948–1988
Size: 6 linear feet
Contents:
Biographical
Memorabilia
Clippings
Photo
Speeches
Correspondence
Writings
Subject files
OH transcript
Legal/court records
Audiotape
Main Entry:
Subject—Personal Names:
Kenyon, Dorothy (1888–1972)
Marshall, Thurgood (1908–1993)
Subject—Corporate Names:
NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund
Subject—Topical Heading:
African American Women—Biography
Afro-American—Civil Rights—History—20th Century
Afro-American—Judges—Biography
Afro-American—Lawyers—Biography
Afro-Americans—Legal Status—Laws—New York, N.Y.—History—20th Century
Civil Rights—United States—History—20th Century
Civil Rights Movements—United States History—20th Century
Community Development, Urban—New York, N.Y.
Courts—New York, N.Y.
Judges—New York, N.Y.
New York, N.Y.—History, 1951–
New York, N.Y.—Law and Legislation—History—20th Century
New York (state)—Law and Legislation—History—20th Century
New York, N.Y.—Politics and Government—1898–1951
New York, N.Y.—Politics and Government—1951–
New York, N.Y.— Race Relations
New York, N.Y.— Social Conditions
New York (state)—Politics and Government—1951
Poor—New York, N.Y.—History—20th Century
Race Discrimination—United States—History—20th Century
School Integration—Arkansas—Little Rock
School Integration—United States
Segregation in Education—United States
Social Reformers—New York, N.Y.—History
Social Reformers—New York (state)
United States—Race Relations
Urban Policy—New York, N.Y.—History
Urban Renewal—New York, N.Y.—History—20th Century
Women Judges—United States—Biography
Women Lawyers—United States—Biography
Women in Politics—New York (state)—History
Subject—Geographical Name:
Occupations:
City official
Civil rights advocate
Judge
Lawyer
Social reformer
Note: Constance Baker Motley (1921– ) was born in New Haven, Connecticut, the ninth of 12 children of immigrants from Nevis, British West Indies. She earned her BA in economics from New York University in 1943. In 1945 Motley took a job as law clerk to Thurgood Marshall, chief counsel of the NAACP's Legal Defense and Educational Fund, Inc. (LDF). She received her law degree the following year. Motley continued to work for the LDF until 1965, becoming assistant counsel in 1949 and the first woman associate counsel in 1961. She was involved in virtually every important civil rights case of the era, personally directing many of them, including James Meredith's 1962 fight for admission to the University of Mississippi. She also represented African American plaintiffs seeking admission to universities in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, and South Carolina, as well as integration cases involving elementary schools throughout the South. Motley represented clients arrested in sit-ins, freedom rides, and other civil disobedience cases, including Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. She represented African American plaintiffs seeking to end discrimination in housing in Michigan, Missouri, Ohio, and New York. She argued and won nine civil rights cases before the U.S. Supreme Court. Motley served as public member of the New York State Advisory Council on Employment and Unemployment Insurance from 1958 to 1964. In 1964, she won a special election to the New York State Senate, becoming the first African American woman to serve in that body. Motley continued her string of firsts in 1965 when she was elected by the City Council as President of the Borough of Manhattan. President Lyndon B. Johnson appointed her to the federal district court for the Southern District of New York in 1966. She was the first woman to occupy that post, and the first African American woman ever named to the federal bench. In 1982, she was appointed chief judge of Federal District Court covering Manhattan, the Bronx, and six New York counties. Motley was named senior federal District Court judge in 1986. The 6 linear feet of the Constance Baker Motley Papers (c.1948–1988) are primarily professional, documenting her career from 1948, with the bulk of them dating from the mid-1960s. They consist mostly of correspondence with friends and colleagues such as Dorothy Kenyon, Jack Greenburg, and James Meredith; speeches and writings; and subject files. While there is considerable retrospective documentation of her career as a civil rights lawyer (e.g., correspondence with other civil rights participants and speeches reflecting on her experiences), the focus here is on her later career of "firsts," as a state senator, borough president, and federal judge. These papers document the ways in which feminism and other movements and events of the 1960s and 1970s influenced Motley, and how her experiences in the civil rights movement shaped her perspective on them. An example of her reflections along these lines is contained in a 1967 speech: "The momentum for equality arising out of . . . legal victories and the vigor of the civil rights movement of the early 1960s has carried us far beyond the realm of the rights of racial minorities. Recent developments indicate that as a nation we are now having to re-examine our fulfillment of the promise of equality before the law in many other areas. Women, although not a minority in this country, have long labored under the handicap of a second-class citizenship." Beyond the story of one remarkable individual, the papers provide key primary source material for examining the intersections between the civil rights movement and feminism. They also shed light on the successes and failures of programs that emerged from the public policy applications of civil rights in such areas as the war on poverty and urban renewal; on race discrimination and educational segregation; and on New York City politics, government, and race relations.
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Repository: Sophia Smith Collection
Collection Name: New England Hospital (NEH)
Acct. #/Ms. #:
Dates: 1820–1955
Size: 15 linear feet
Contents:
Published histories, brochures
Photos
Annual reports
Minutes
Scrapbook (mostly clippings)
Articles and unpublished reports
Legal and financial records
Correspondence (re: NEH)
Letters collection (not re: NEH)
Memorabilia
Book-bound manuscripts with photos
Main Entry:
Subject—Personal Names:
Channing, Eva
Cheney, Ednah
Dow, Littlehale (1824–1904)
Dimock, Susan J. (1847–1875)
Mahoney, Mary Eliza
Richards, Linda (1841–1930)
Sewell, Lucy
Zakrezewska, Marie Elizabeth (1829–1902)
Subject—Corporate Names: New England Hospital
Subject—Topical Heading:
Authors, American—Autographs
Autographs Collection
Gynecologists
Hospitals—Gynecological and Obstetric—Massachusetts—History
Hospitals—New England—History
Nursing—Study and Teaching—United States—History
Obstetricians
Physicians—United States
Sex Discrimination in Medical Education—United States—History
Social Reformers—Autographs
Social Reformers—United States—History—19th Century
Women in Medicine—United States—History
Women Physicians—United States—History
Women's Health Services—United States—History
Subject—Geographical Name:
Occupations: Women's Hospital
Note: The New England Hospital for Women and Children was founded in Boston in 1862 by Dr. Marie Zakrezewska as a teaching hospital where women could study and practice medicine and where women could receive treatment from female doctors. It was the first hospital in Boston to offer obstetrics, gynecology and pediatrics all under one roof. Linda Richards, who trained at the hospital, was the United States' first trained nurse (c. 1873); the first African American nurse, Mary Eliza Mahoney, graduated 1875; Susan Dimock was one of NEH's first trained physicians (1866–1875). In the 1950s the hospital experienced financial difficulties, and United Community Services of Greater Boston recommended that it open to male physicians. After a long battle led by Blanche Ames Ames, the New England Hospital for Women and Children closed in 1969, reopening as Dimock Community Health Center, an outpatient clinic. The collection contains two groups of papers. The first group includes: miscellaneous papers dealing with the early history of the hospital especially relating to gynecology, obstetrics, and pediatrics (1860–1955); histories of the hospital; manuscript and published annual reports (1863–1955); correspondence; business and financial papers; circulars and rules; memoranda and minutes of physicians' meetings; photographs and scrapbooks; application material from women medical students seeking internships, including letters, forms, recommendations, and transcripts (1891–1926). The second group of papers contains several hundred letters collected for their autograph value for sale at 19th-century fund-raising fairs. The letters do not relate in content to the hospital, but rather are correspondence between major literary, political, and religious figures of the latter half of the 19th-century. They form an invaluable collection of source material in the social history of the period. Topics include women's suffrage, social services, abolition, freedmen's education, literature, and Civil War relief. The correspondents are far too numerous to mention, although they cover a wide range of notables. Those with the greatest amount of correspondence are listed below: Alice Stone Blackwell; Elizabeth Blackwell; Thomas Wentworth Higginson; Julia (Ward) Howe; Elizabeth Palmer Peabody; Lucy Stone; John Greenleaf Whittier.
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Repository: Sophia Smith Collection
Collection Name: Fern, Fanny (and Ethel Parton)
Acct. #/Ms. #:
Dates: 1828–1920
Size: 6 linear feet
Contents:
Correspondence
Writings
Photos
Daguerreotypes
Newspapers
Drawings
Biographical material
Memorabilia
Main Entry:
Subject—Personal Names:
Beecher, Catharine Esther (1800–1878)
Doesticks, Q.K. Philander (1831–1875)
Parton Family
Parton, James (1822–1891)
Stowe, Harriet Beecher (1811–1896)
Willis Family
Willis, Nathaniel Parker (1806–1867)
Subject—Corporate Names:
Hartford Female Seminary
New York Ledger
Subject—Topical Heading:
American Literature—19th Century—Humor
American Literature—19th Century
American Literature—New York, N.Y.
American Literature—Women Authors
Authors, American—Biography
Authors, American—19th Century—Correspondence
Children's Literature—American
Feminism and Literature—United States—History—19th Century
Journalists—United States—Biography
Newspapers—New York, N.Y.
Publishers and Publishing—United States—History
Satire—American—19th Century
Women Authors—19th Century—Biography
Women Authors—19th Century—Correspondence
Women Journalists—United States—History
Subject—Geographical Name: Hartford, Connecticut
Occupations:
Children's author
Columnist
Humorist
Journalist
Writer
Note: Sara Payson Willis Parton, author and newspaper columnist better known as Fanny Fern. Born in Portland, Maine, 1811. The fifth of nine children, Parton was educated in Boston and at the seminary of Catharine Beecher in Hartford. While still in school she occasionally contributed to her publisher father's Youth's Companion. Married Charles Eldredge, 1837; three children. Widowed in 1846, she then married Boston merchant Samuel P. Farrington, whom she divorced three years later. Left with her own resources, and after several dismal employment ventures, in 1851 she began writing under the name Fanny Fern for several small Boston magazines, shortly after which numerous newspapers reprinted her humorous works. In 1853 she published her collected writings, Fern Leaves from Fanny's Port-Folio, an immediate best-seller. Other publications include Fern Leaves (1854) and Little Ferns for Fanny's Little Friends. Her astounding success led to a regular weekly column in the New York Ledger, making her one of America's first women columnists. Six collected works followed. Fern's works incorporated wit and impudence, dealing with topics such as domestic problems, equality between the sexes, the double standard of morality, the need for parents to respect willful children and tomboys. She deplored excessive housework and too-large families, encouraged women to seek wider fields of endeavor, poked fun at the august male, and criticized conventional religion. A suffrage supporter after 1858. Cofounder of New York City's pioneer woman's club, Sorosis, in 1868. Married James Parton, 1856. Died of cancer, 1872. Ethel Parton. Author; born New York, 1862. Granddaughter of Fanny Fern. Educated in private school of Jane Andres, Putnam School, Newburyport, and at home by her uncle by marriage, James Parton (famous scholar and littérateur), whose name she legally took on attaining her majority (having been left an orphan in childhood and brought up in his family). Was secretary and collaborator to her uncle (biographer), and after his death she succeeded him upon the Youth's Companion (founded by her great-grandfather). Interested in civic betterments; active in local movements and charities. Served seven years as director of the Newburyport Public Library (the only woman who ever officiated, eligible only as a voter for school committee, the requirements for the positions demanding "a voter of this city"). Favored women's suffrage. Writer of staff and magazine work, poems and historical ballads for children, stories and sketches, chiefly in St. Nicholas and Youth's Companion. Christian, but undenominational. Progressive in politics. Recreations: gardening, literature. President Newburyport Woman's Club, two years; Executive Board of the Massachusetts State Federation of Women's Clubs, three years. Collection includes: original manuscripts, transcripts, and printed sources; extensive correspondence (1829–1870) to and from subject, descendants (1899–1966), and Harriet Beecher Stowe (1869–n.d.), describing activities, interests and New York Ledger career (1855–1872). Family sketches, legal and business papers, a school album and memorandum book, approximately 15 daguerreotypes, and 20 photographs reveal further the spirit of her life and times. Preserved also are selected clippings, New York Ledger articles (1855–1872), several biographical studies, and a descriptive bibliography (4 volumes, 1851–1871) entitled List of Articles by Fanny Fern. Ethel Parton. Original manuscripts and printed sources (1889–1942). Contains biographical material, correspondence to and from family, business associates, and friends. Clippings, financial records, memorabilia, photographs, published and unpublished articles, poems, short stories, and books complete this collection.
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Repository: Sophia Smith Collection
Collection Name: Planned Parenthood Federation of America
Acct. #/Ms. #:
Dates: 1930s–1997
Size: 307 linear feet
Contents:
Main Entry:
Subject—Personal Names:
Best, Winfield
Guttmacher, Alan Frank (1898– )
Rose, D. Kenneth
Sanger, Margaret (1879–1966)
Subject—Corporate Names:
American Birth Control League
Birth Control Clinical Research Bureau (New York, N.Y.)
Birth Control Federation of America
World Population Emergency Campaign
Subject—Topical Heading:
Abortion—History Abortion—Law and Legislation
Birth Control—History
Birth Control Clinics—United States—History
Contraception
Population Policy
Sex Instruction
Subject—Geographical Name:
Occupations:
Birth control advocacy organization
Health care organization
Note: In 1921 Margaret Sanger founded the national lobbying organization, the American Birth Control League (ABCL), which in 1942 became the Planned Parenthood Federation of America (PPFA). Between 1921 and 1942 the organization had two transformations. In 1923 Sanger opened the Birth Control Clinical Research Bureau (BCCRB) for the purposes of dispensing contraceptives under the supervision of licensed physicians and studying their effectiveness. In 1927 she founded the American Birth Control League (ABCL) to provide institutional backing for the clinic. The BCCRB merged with the ABCL in 1939 to form the Birth Control Federation of America (BCFA). In 1942 the name of the BCFA was changed to the Planned Parenthood Federation of America. The name change reflected a redefinition of the organization's goals from family limitation to family planning. While PPFA continued to function as the largest birth control organization in the country, it sought to position itself as a more mainstream and moderate organization committed to a broad range of programs related to reproductive health. Under the leadership of National Director D. Kenneth Rose, the PPFA expanded its programs and services through the 1940s, adding affiliate organizations throughout the country. By the end of World War II, the federation was no longer solely a center for birth control services or a clearinghouse for contraceptive information, but had emerged as a major national health organization. PPFA's programs included a full range of family planning services, including marriage education and counseling and infertility services. The leadership of the PPFA, largely consisting of businessmen and male physicians, endeavored to incorporate its contraceptive services unofficially into regional and national public health programs by emphasizing less politicized practices, such as child spacing. During the 1950s, the federation further adjusted its programs and message to appeal to a family-centered, more conservative postwar populace, while continuing to function, through its affiliated clinics, as the most reliable source of contraceptives in the country. From 1942 to 1962, PPFA concentrated its efforts on strengthening its ties to affiliates, expanding public education programs, and improving its medical and research work. By 1906, visitors to PPFA centers across the nation numbered over 300,000 per year. In the 1950s PPFA began focusing greater attention on global population issues as new concerns arose over the political, social, and cultural implications of overpopulation in Asia and around the world. It became active in international birth control work through its membership in the International Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF), which Margaret Sanger helped found in 1952. In 1961 the population crisis debate, along with funding shortages, convinced PPFA to merge with the World Population Emergency Campaign, a citizens fund-raising organization, to become PPFA-World Population. The records of the Planned Parenthood Federation of America are divided into teo sections, PPFA I and PPFA II. PPFA I, consisting of the earlier records of the federation (approximately one-quarter of the total), is processed and open to research. PPFA II overlaps PPFA I in that it contains records from its earlier decades, but also contains later and ongoing records. They are unprocessed and some portions are closed to research. The records of the Planned Parenthood Federation of America provide substantial information about the history of the birth control and family planning movement nationally and internationally. The records contain correspondence, memos, minutes, reports, publicity, publications, and congressional and legal materials. They document many aspects of the work of the PPFA and its predecessor organizations, advocacy, medical work, and the activities of its staff and affiliates.
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Repository: Sophia Smith Collection
Collection Name: Reynolds, Bertha Capen
Acct. #/Ms. #:
Dates: 1907–1979
Size: 7 linear feet
Contents:
Main Entry:
Subject—Personal Names:
Jarrett, Mary Cromwell (1877–1961)
Kimball, Everett (1873–)
Southard, Elmer Ernest (1876–1920)
Subject—Corporate Names:
Boston Children's Aid Society
Danvers State Hospital
National Maritime Museum
Smith College School for Social Work
William Alanson White Institute
Subject—Topical Heading:
Psychiatric Social Work—History
Social Case Work
Social Service—United States
Social Work—Administration—United States—History
Social Work Education
Social Workers—United States—Biography
Subject—Geographical Name:
Occupations:
Social work educator
Social worker
Writer
Note: Social worker, social work educator, writer. Born in Brockton, Ma., December 11, 1885. Graduated from Smith College, 1908. Graduated Boston School for Social Workers (later the Simmons College School of Social Work), 1914. Participated in the first course in psychiatric social work at Boston Psychopathic Hospital under Elmer Southard and Mary C. Jarrett, 1918. Published The Selection of Foster Homes for Children with Mary S. Doran, 1919. Director of social services, Danvers State Hospital, Danvers, Ma., 1919–1923. Worked for Division of Mental Hygiene, Boston, 1923–1925. Associate director Smith College School for Social Work, where she did supervision, taught, and conducted research, 1925–1935. Published Between Client and Community: A Study in Responsibility in Social Case Work, 1934. Associate director, Smith College School for Social Work, 1935–1938. Did consulting, 1939–1942. Published Learning and Teaching in the Practice of Social Work, 1942. Case supervisor for the Personal Service Department of the National Maritime Union, 1943–1947. Taught social work and psychiatry at William Alanson White Institute in New York, 1948–54. Retired to Stoughton, 1948, and published Social Work and Social Living, 1951. Died Oct. 29, 1978. Correspondence, writings, printed materials, memorabilia, and miscellaneous papers. The most outstanding segment of correspondence is with friends and former students, and is distinguished by discussions of professional, political, and religious topics and reports on personal activities. Her work as associate director of the Smith College School for Social Work is represented by correspondence with Director Everett Kimball spanning the entire period and by notes for an alumnae seminar. There are unpublished texts, correspondence, and printed editions of her lectures and other contributions to institutes, conferences, and seminars. Her work at the National Maritime Union is represented by staff minutes and position papers, printed material, and correspondence, providing the best documentation of her approach to clinical practice. Her youth is represented by a diary she compiled retrospectively and by an unpublished biography, plus a few of her undergraduate papers. Her final years in Stoughton are documented in correspondence, writings, and printed material.
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Repository: Sophia Smith Collection
Collection Name: Sanger, Margaret
Acct. #/Ms. #:
Dates: 1800s–1973 (bulk 1915–1962)
Size: 113 linear feet
Contents:
Correspondence
Organization records
Conference records
Legal and legislative records
Writings
Printed material
Clippings
Photos
Scrapbooks
Memorabilia
Biographical
Paintings
Calendars/appointment books
Address books
Research on Sanger
Audiotapes, records, videos
Main Entry:
Subject—Personal Names:
Brush, Dorothy Hamilton
Buck, Pearl Sydenstricker (1892–1973)
DeSelincourt, Hugh (1878–1951)
Ellis, Havelock (1850–1939)
Gamble, Clarence James (1894– )
Hepburn, Katherine Houghton (1878–1951)
McCormick, Katherine Dexter (1876– )
Pincus, Gregory (1903–1967)
Rose, Florence
Rublee, Juliet
Sanger Family
Stone, Abraham (1890– )
Stone, Hannah Mayer (1894–1941)
Wells, H.G. (Herbert George) (1866–1946)
Subject—Corporate Names:
Subject—Topical Heading:
Birth Control—Developing Countries
Birth Control—History
Birth Control—Law and Legislation
Church and State
Contraception—History
Eugenics
Freedom of Speech
Greenwich Village—History—20th Century
Hygiene, Sexual
Labor Movement—United States
Marriage
Motherhood
Mothers—Health and Hygiene
Nativism
Population
Public Health—Developing Countries
Public Health—History
Racism—United States—History—20th Century
Reproduction
Sex Instruction
Sterilization
Women's Health and Hygiene
Women's Health Services
Women's Rights
Subject—Geographical Name:
Tucson, Arizona
Greenwich Village, New York, N.Y.
Occupations:
Birth control advocate
Editor
Journalist
Labor organizer
Lecturer
Nurse
Writer
Note: Born in Corning, N.Y. the sixth of 11 children, she married architect William Sanger (1902) and had three children before leaving him in 1913. She moved to New York City (1912), where she became active in the women's labor movement and the Socialist Party. She concluded that control over childbearing was the key to female emancipation and was appalled by women's ignorance of contraception, which she experienced firsthand working as a practical nurse in New York City (1912). She wrote newspaper articles on feminine hygiene, put out a militant journal entitled Woman Rebel, and published a pamphlet, Family Limitation (1914), in which she coined the term "birth control" and called for legalization of contraception. Indicted for violating postal laws, she fled to Canada and then England (1914), where she was influenced by sex reformer Havelock Ellis to tone down her radical tactics. After her return (1915), the government dropped its charge, and she began lecturing widely, also founding the Birth Control Review (1916), which she edited until 1928. She and her sister, Ethel Byrne, served 30 days in prison for opening a birth control clinic in Brooklyn (1916), but an appeal judge's decision allowed for doctors to provide birth control information to married women. Her Birth Control Research Bureau (founded in New York in 1923 with the support of her wealthy new husband, J. Noah Slee) was the first doctor-staffed medical clinic in America and a model for the 300 others she helped establish. In 1921 she founded the American Birth Control League. Accused of autocratic tactics, she resigned from its presidency in 1928, but it later merged with her Clinical Research Bureau into the organization that in 1942 became Planned Parenthood. She founded a lobbying group (1929) that successfully sued to allow the mailing of contraceptive materials in the United States. She was less active from the 1940s on, but in the 1950s she induced philanthropist birth control advocate Katherine Dexter McCormick to help fund development of a birth control pill, and in 1952 she helped found the International Planned Parenthood Federation.
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Repository: Sophia Smith Collection
Collection Name: Woodsmall, Ruth Frances
Acct. #/Ms. #:
Dates: 1863–1963
Size: 39.25 linear feet
Contents:
Main Entry: Woodsmall, Ruth Frances
Subject—Personal Names: Woodsmall, Ruth Frances
Subject—Corporate Names:
High Commission for Occupied Germany
World's Young Women's Christian Association
Subject—Topical Heading:
Germany (West)—1945–55
Women—China
Women—Germany (East)
Women—Germany (West)
Women—India
Women—Japan
Women—Latin America
Women—Muslim
World War, 1914–1918—War Work—Young Women's Christian Association
World War, 1914–1918—Women
Subject—Geographical Name: Middle East
Occupations:
Teacher
Writer
YWCA overseas official
Note: General Secretary of the World's YWCA, 1935–1947. AB, University of Nebraska, 1905; AM Wellesley, 1906. Teacher and principal in Nevada and Colorado. From 1917, held various positions within YWCA: War Work Council, directed Hostess Houses in the United States and France. In 1920 became executive secretary for the Near East (Turkey and Syria). Researched changing status of Moslem women in the Middle East; published Moslem Women Enter a New World (1936).
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Collection Name: Wright, Alice Morgan
Acct. #/Ms. #:
Dates: 1880s–1978
Size: 6 linear feet
Contents:
Correspondence
Photos
Clippings
Artwork
Biographical material
Theses re: Alice Morgan Wright
Exhibit catalogs
Notebooks
Scrapbooks
Address books
Negatives
Main Entry:
Subject—Personal Names:
Pankhurst, Emmeline (1858–1928)
Pethick-Lawrence, Emmeline (1867– )
Whitehouse, Vira Boarman (1875– )
Wright, Alice Morgan (1881–1975)
Subject—Corporate Names:
Art Students League (New York, N.Y.)
National Humane Education Association
Woman Suffrage Party—New York State
Smith College
Women's Party (Great Britain)
Subject—Topical Heading:
Animal Rights Activist—United States
Europe—Description and Travel
Lesbianism—United States—20th Century
Sculptors—United States
Sculpture—20th Century—Exhibitions
Smith College—Students—History
Suffragists—Great Britain
Suffragists—United States
Women—Suffrage—England
Women—Suffrage—France
Women—Suffrage—New York (state)
Women—Suffrage—United States
Subject—Geographical Name:
Paris, France
Europe
Occupations:
Animal rights activist
Sculptor
Suffragist
Note: Alice Morgan Wright attended Smith College in an era when the press was asking "Are College Girls Rowdies?" She made her mark at Smith when she wrote a parody of Everyman called Everyfreshman, a Morality Play for the Twentieth Century. The play made such pointed fun of the faculty that several professors walked out of the performance. After college, Wright took advantage of new opportunities for women to have a career and engage in reform activities. She worked for the Collegiate Equal Suffrage League and began studying sculpture in New York City. Because female art students were not permitted to sketch male nudes, Wright attended boxing and wrestling matches to study the male physique. Later, she studied in Paris, where there was no such prohibition. By 1913 her artwork had won several prizes and had been exhibited in New York, Paris, and London. Wright involved herself in both the British and French suffrage movements while studying art in Paris. She organized Paris meetings at which the English suffragist Emmeline Pankhurst spoke in 1910, and arranged for Pankhurst's appearance in Albany during her 1911 U.S. tour. Wright was arrested during a suffrage demonstration and spent two months in London's Holloway Gaol, where she used smuggled Plasticine to model a small bust of Emmeline Pankhust, one of her prison mates. She also organized a petition drive in Paris, demanding the release of jailed British suffragists. After returning home in 1914, she became the recording secretary of the New York State Women's Suffrage Party. Wright returned full time to her sculpture after passage of the Nineteenth Amendment, but her lifelong love of animals increasingly drew her to the cause of animal protection. Although she had been heralded as one of the leading young American sculptors, art increasingly took a back seat to her reform activities. By 1945 she was devoting all her time to that cause, founding the National Humane Education Association and working with various other animal protection organizations. Wright died in Albany at the age of 93 in 1975. Biographical material—clippings; photographs of her and her work; correspondence—mainly re: suffrage, animal welfare, and efforts to secure humane slaughter legislation; artwork—photos of, sketches, prints, sculptures; subjects—includes Smith College material; scrapbooks.
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Sophia Smith table of contents
Repository: Sophia Smith Collection
Collection Name: Young Women's Christian Association, National Board
Acct. #/Ms. #:
Dates: 1889–1959
Size: 26 linear feet
Contents:
Correspondence
Printed material (includes "leaflets")
Pamphlets
Publications
Questionnaires
Reports
Speeches
Clippings
Minutes
Memoranda
Press releases
Photos
Main Entry:
Subject—Personal Names:
Subject—Corporate Names:
World's Young Women Christian Association
Young Women's Christian Association of the United States
Subject—Topical Heading:
Girls—Societies and Clubs
Indian Women—North America
International Relations
Race Relations—United States
Women—Domestics—United States
Women—Employment
Women—Health and Hygiene
Women—International Cooperation
Women—Services for
Women in Business—United States
World War, 1914–1918—War Work
World War, 1939–1945—Japanese Americans
World War, 1939–1945—War Work—YWCA
World War, 1939–1945—Women
Subject—Geographical Name:
Occupations:
Civic improvement
Community service
Educational and intercultural exchange
International relief
Social service
War relief
Women's advocacy
Note: Worldwide organization designed to promote the welfare of women and girls everywhere, regardless of race, class, creed, or nationality. It was founded in England in 1855 as two separate groups: a Prayer Union, established by Emma Robarts; and the General Female Training Institute, founded by Mary Jane Kinnaird (Lady Kinnaird). The purpose of both groups, which soon united as the YWCA, was to improve the situation of women under conditions brought about by the Industrial Revolution. By 1858 the movement had spread to New York City, and in 1866 a YWCA was opened in Boston. Thereafter the movement expanded rapidly throughout the United States and other countries, becoming one of the largest and most influential world organizations of women. By the 1960s membership in the United States was more than 2 million. From its earliest beginnings, the YWCA has brought together women and girls to work on their common problems and interests and to work for human welfare. All of its activities have been motivated by its deeply rooted Christian purpose, which expresses itself in deeds. Membership in the YWCA is open to all girls and women regardless of whether they subscribe to its mission, but only those who do are eligible for leadership positions. In 1906 the YWCA of the United States united and established a headquarters in New York City. The National Board carries out policies adopted by the voting delegations at national conventions held every three years. The national association is affiliated with the World YWCA, founded in 1894, with headquarters in Geneva, which by the 1960s united YWCAs in 72 countries. In the United States there were YWCA programs in some 4,600 locations, including over 400 community YWCAs, more than 200 branches and centers, over 100 resident camps, about 300 residences, and nearly 500 student associations. The collection contains historical and biographical information on leaders such as Secretary of the Industrial Department Florence Simms (1873–1923); pamphlets, song sheets, articles, clippings, photos, and related publications are preserved as well. Available also are archives of the Business and Professional Department (1930–1952) and extensive records of the Industrial Department. Among these are bibliographies, articles, bulletins (1923–1928), conference minutes and reports (1922–1948), a department history, special studies such as those on textile mill villages (1920s–1930s) and on the problems of women in industry. A large amount of material documents activities of International Institutes. Sources relate to programs to ameliorate problems of Japanese evacuees (1942-1945). Several folders concerning national and international women's movements, domestic employment, American War–Community Services, and women's war effort complete this collection.
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Sophia Smith table of contents
Repository: Sophia Smith Collection
Collection Name: van Kleeck, Mary
Acct. #/Ms. #:
Dates: 1883–1984
Size: 56 linear feet
Contents:
Main Entry:
Subject—Personal Names:
Anderson, Mary (1872– )
Fledderus, Mary Lambertine (1886– )
Subject—Corporate Names:
American Civil Liberties Union
Bryn Mawr College, Summer School for Women Workers in Industry
International Industrial Relations Institute
National Women's Party
Rocky Mountain Fuel Company
Russell Sage Foundation
Smith College
Smith College School for Social Work
United Mine Workers of America
United States—Women's Bureau
Young Women's Christian Association of the USA
Subject—Topical Heading:
Civil Rights
Coal Industry and Trade—United States
Coal Miners—United States
Cost and Standard of Living
Equal Rights Amendments—United States
Hospitals
Industrial Relations
Insurance, Unemployment—Law and Legislation—United States
Labor—United States
Labor—Research—United States
New Deal 1933–1939
Social Reformers
Social Settlements—New York, N.Y.
Social Work Administration—United States—History
Socialism, Christian Unemployment
United States—Economic Conditions—1865–1918
United States—Economic Conditions—1918–1945
Women—Employment—United States
Subject—Geographical Name:
Occupations:
Lecturer
Social reformer
Social researcher
Writer
Note: Social researcher, social reformer, writer, lecturer. Born Glenham, N. Y. Graduated from Smith College, 1904. Researched factory women and child labor in New York City, 1905–1906. Industrial Secretary of the Alliance Employment Bureau. Investigated women's employment, the mission of the Russell Sage Foundation's Department of Industrial Studies, which she directed 1910–1948, except for a brief stint as Director of Women in Industry Service, the forerunner of the Women's Bureau (1918–1919). She taught at the New York School of Philanthropy 1914–1917 and became a leading expert on women's employment, serving on many governmental commissions and private humanitarian organizations. She was also active in social work, lecturing at Smith College School for Social Work. She was associate director of the International Industrial Relations Institute 1928–1948, and ran unsuccessfully for New York State Senate in 1948. She died in 1972 in Kingston, N.Y. The collection contains correspondence, biographical material, clippings, speeches, writings, research notes, and subject and organization files primarily from her professional life. The papers reflect her interest in social and charitable agencies such as the American Civil Liberties Union, the National Women's Party, the Bryn Mawr Summer School for Student Workers, Hospites (a refugee rescue organization), and the National Research Council. In addition they reflect her association with the Russell Sage Foundation, Department of Industrial Studies, where she conducted investigations of the Rocky Mountain Fuel Company, the United Mine Workers, and the coal industry. Of particular interest is her work with Mary Anderson at the Women's Bureau and Mary Fledderus at the International Industrial Relations Institute, 1925–1947. Her writings reflect her work in protective legislation, trade unions, employer/employee relations, social research, social welfare, social work, and social security.
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Repository: Sophia Smith Collection
Collection Name: Starr, Ellen Gates
Acct. #/Ms. #:
Dates: 1659–1991 (bulk 1806–1970s)
Size: 10.5 linear feet
Contents:
Main Entry:
Subject—Personal Names:
Addams, Jane (1860–1935)
Starr Family
Starr, Caleb Allen
Starr, Eliza Allen
Starr, Ellen Gates
Subject—Corporate Names: Hull House
Subject—Topical Heading:
Art
Catholics
Religion
Social Settlements
Trade Unions—Organizing
Women's Rights
Subject—Geographical Name:
Occupations:
Artist
Religious writer
Settlement house worker and cofounder
Women's rights activist
Note: The collection includes materials related to four generations of the Starr family. Of primary interest are materials related to Ellen Gates Starr (1859–1940), women's rights activist, cofounder of Hull House with Jane Addams, bookbinder, and labor organizer. Ellen Gates Starr attended Rockford Seminary, where she met Jane Addams. She began teaching school in 1879. In 1889 she co-founded Hull House with Jane Addams, where she taught art and bookbinding. In 1895 she joined Florence Kelley in working against child labor. She became a charter member of the National Women's Trade Union League. In 1896, 1910, and 1915 she helped striking textile workers. As a socialist she ran for Chicago Alderman in 1916. After converting to Roman Catholicism, she wrote and spoke on Catholic art. She died at the Convent of the Holy Child. The collection contains correspondence, photographs, writings, articles, journals, artwork. Of particular interest is correspondence with Jane Addams relating to the founding of Hull House, 1877–1931; photographs and biographical information about Jane Addams; correspondence from Ellen Gates Starr to her family, 1880–1939; her writings on bookbinding and religion, 1902–1937; writings and letters of her aunts Eliza Allen Starr, 1845–1901, and Mary Houghton Starr Blaisdell, 1876–1931, and her niece Josephine Starr, 1910–1977; sea journals of her father Caleb Allen Starr.
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